ST1. What is HPV?

Symptoms, Prevention, and Why Vaccination Matters

What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that affects both men and women. It is the most prevalent sexually

transmitted infection (STI) globally, with millions of new cases reported each year. HPV consists of over 200 related viruses, some of which cause warts, while others can lead to serious health issues such as cervical, anal, and throat cancers.

HPV is categorized into low-risk and high-risk types. Low-risk types cause warts on different body parts, including the genital region, hands, and feet. High-risk types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are responsible for various cancers, including cervical, anal, oropharyngeal (throat), penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. Understanding these distinctions is vital to recognizing the need for vaccination and prevention strategies.

may carry the virus without showing any signs. However, certain HPV strains can cause:

• Genital warts – Small, flesh-colored growths appearing on the genital or anal area.
• Common warts – Typically found on the hands and feet.
• Plantar warts – Hard growths that develop on the soles of the feet.
• Flat warts – Slightly raised lesions that often appear on the face, neck, or legs.

High-risk HPV types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are associated with cervical cancer and other malignancies.

The symptoms of these cancers may not appear until the disease is in advanced stages. Common signs of HPV-related cancers include:

• Unusual vaginal bleeding – Bleeding after intercourse, between periods, or post-menopause.
• Pelvic pain – Persistent pain in the lower abdomen.
• Pain during intercourse – Discomfort or pain during sexual activity.
• Unexplained weight loss – Sudden weight loss without any apparent reason.
• Persistent sore throat or hoarseness – In cases of

How is HPV Transmitted?

HPV is primarily spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be passed through close physical contact with infected skin.

Since HPV is highly contagious, even individuals with no visible symptoms can transmit the virus.

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of HPV transmission include:

• Having multiple sexual partners
• Engaging in unprotected sex
• Having a weakened immune system
• Direct contact with HPV-infected warts or skin